Adverse Reactions to Monosodium Glutamate: Exploring Potential Aftereffects of MSG Consumption
In the realm of food additives, monosodium glutamate (MSG) has long been a subject of debate. Known for its ability to enhance flavour, MSG is a common ingredient in many processed foods and restaurant dishes. However, some individuals report experiencing a set of symptoms after consuming MSG, often referred to as the MSG Symptom Complex or Chinese Restaurant Syndrome.
### Understanding MSG Symptom Complex
Contrary to popular belief, MSG Symptom Complex is not a classical allergic reaction. Instead, it appears to be a sensitivity or adverse reaction to high doses of MSG or glutamate. The symptoms can include headache, skin rash, mild chest pain, nausea, numbness or burning sensations on the face and neck, facial muscle tightness or swelling, sweating, digestive disorders, mood changes, and fatigue[1].
### Causes and Mechanisms
The exact cause of MSG Symptom Complex is not fully understood. Some research suggests that MSG, which contains glutamate, an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter, might overstimulate nerve endings[3]. Additionally, excessive consumption of MSG over prolonged periods may affect DNA integrity, harm T lymphocytes, cause kidney damage, and potentially lead to an "MSG intoxication syndrome," although these conditions are not well-established or common[1].
### Scientific Evidence
Controlled clinical trials, including multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled challenge studies, have shown that only a very small fraction of people who believe they are MSG-sensitive actually react more than with a placebo[5]. Symptoms are more likely when MSG is taken in large amounts without food, which is uncommon in normal eating[5].
Despite anecdotal reports, there is insufficient scientific evidence to confirm that MSG causes severe allergic reactions or long-term health problems in the general population[1][5]. Ongoing research on glutamate’s neurological effects may help explain some symptoms but distinguishes MSG reactions from true allergies[3].
### Implications for Those Sensitive to MSG
For those who experience severe or persistent symptoms, breathing difficulties, chest pain, or swelling of the throat, it is essential to seek emergency medical care. To prevent symptoms in people sensitive to MSG, it is important to check food labels for MSG, monosodium glutamate, E621, hydrolyzed protein, maltodextrin, and modified food starch[5].
Individuals who are very sensitive to MSG may need to avoid foods that contain high amounts of natural glutamate, such as mature cheeses, cured meats, braised meats, bone broth, fish and shellfish, fish sauce and oyster sauces, soy protein, soy sauce, mushrooms, ripe tomatoes and tomato juice, grape juice, yeast extract, malted barley, walnuts, and certain beverages like beer and bread[5].
In conclusion, while some individuals report symptoms after MSG consumption, scientific consensus is that MSG Symptom Complex is not a true allergic reaction but potentially a sensitivity or dose-related reaction that is mild and uncommon at typical intake levels[1][3][5]. Treatment for mild symptoms typically involves drinking water to stay hydrated, resting, drinking ginger or peppermint tea to reduce nausea, and taking over-the-counter pain relievers if necessary. For those very sensitive to MSG, a low-glutamate meal plan may be necessary, and guidance from a doctor or dietitian is advisable.
- The MSG Symptom Complex, often experienced after consuming large amounts of MSG, is not classified as a classic allergic reaction, but rather a sensitivity or adverse reaction.
- Some researchers believe that the high doses of MSG or glutamate may overstimulate nerve endings, potentially leading to a range of symptoms such as headache, nausea, and facial muscle tightness.
- Controlled clinical trials have shown that only a small fraction of people who believe they are MSG-sensitive actually react more than with a placebo, and the symptoms are more likely to occur when MSG is consumed in large amounts without food.
- Despite anecdotal reports, there is insufficient scientific evidence to confirm that MSG causes severe allergic reactions or long-term health problems in the general population.
- For individuals with severe or persistent symptoms, it is crucial to seek emergency medical care, and to check food labels for MSG and other glutamate-containing ingredients like monosodium glutamate, E621, hydrolyzed protein, and modified food starch.
- People very sensitive to MSG may need to avoid foods high in natural glutamate, such as mature cheeses, cured meats, and certain beverages like beer and bread.
- In the realm of health-and-wellness, individuals may find it beneficial to follow a low-glutamate meal plan, which can involve avoiding or limiting foods with high glutamate content to manage symptoms.
- CBD, a compound found in cannabis, has been studied for its potential roles in managing health-and-exercise-related conditions, including promoting relaxation, reducing inflammation, and maintaining healthy blood sugar levels, which may have implications for those sensitive to MSG.
