Connection between Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Symptoms and Risk Factors
Revised Base Article:
In the fight against cancer, both breast cancer and ovarian cancer share some alarming connections, often due to genetic factors. People sporting mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are particularly prone to these diseases.
Owing to these shared genetic markers, a person with a history of breast cancer might be more susceptible to happenings with ovarian cancer and vice versa. This strong link emphasizes the need for genetic testing, regular screenings, and preventive measures for those at higher risk.
Cancer Crossroads
Breast cancer and ovarian cancer intertwine through common underlying genetic risk factors. Those with these genetic predispositions may find themselves confronted by both cancers.
A history of breast cancer can raise the odds of developing ovarian cancer, especially when tracing genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2. However, this enhanced risk stems from the underlying genetic issuess rather than the disease itself.
Research shows that people who've experienced breast cancer are approximately twice as likely to face a subsequent primary ovarian cancer[2]. On the flipside, those with ovarian cancer might have a 1.6-fold increased risk of subsequent breast cancer, with the risk fluctuating over time since the initial cancer diagnosis.
Those with ovarian cancer are also more susceptible to breast cancer, primarily due to genetic aberrations.
More Risk Factors
Apart from BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, other common risk factors between breast and ovarian cancer include:
- A family history of one or both cancers
- Advanced age (ovarian cancer tends to occur in people over 40, while breast cancer typically surfaces in those 55 or older)
- Obesity
- Never carrying a pregnancy to full term
- Not breastfeeding
- Hormone therapy post-menopause
Taking Control
Some risk factors, like a past history of breast or ovarian cancer, are unalterable. However, strategic monitoring, lifestyle changes, and, in certain cases, preventive medical procedures can help manage these unchanging risk factors.
Health professionals might advocate for more frequent and thorough cancer screenings for those with a history of breast or ovarian cancer. This may involve:
- Regular mammograms
- Breast MRI scans
- Pelvic examinations
- Transvaginal ultrasounds
- CA-125 blood tests
Genetic testing for BRCA1, BRCA2, and other relevant mutations can provide the most effective strategies for monitoring and prevention. For those carrying the genetic mutations, additional options, such as prophylactic surgeries, may be considered to prevent the emergence or spread of cancer.
Modifiable Risk Factors
Modifiable risk factors include:
- Weight: Achieving and maintaining a moderate weight is essential in reducing the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Weight might contribute to greater estrogen levels, leading to breast cancer risks.
- Exercise: Keeping up with a regular exercise routine can help decrease breast cancer risks, and limited evidence hints at a link with ovarian cancer as well. Exercise can support weight maintenance and may have direct anti-cancer effects.
- Alcohol: Cutting down on alcohol intake is crucial for breast cancer prevention. The risk increases with alcohol consumption, meaning healthcare professionals might suggest limiting imbibing[6].
- Oral contraceptives: Oral contraceptives might decrease the risk of ovarian cancer, but they might slightly elevate the risk of breast cancer. People can consult their doctor to weigh the risks based on their unique circumstances.
A Hopeful Outlook
According to a 2020 observational study, individuals dealing with both primary breast cancer and primary ovarian cancer may have a relatively optimistic outlook, with 5- and 10-year overall survival rates around 90%[7]. The prognosis is usually better when the interval between the two diseases is longer. However, an ovarian cancer diagnosis following breast cancer is more likely to be at a more advanced stage, impacting survival[7].
Several factors can affect an individual's outlook. For personalized insights, talk to your healthcare team.
When to Consult a Doctor
Keep an eye out for signs of breast or ovarian cancer, especially in the face of a personal or family history of these disorders. Remain vigilant for signs of recurrence or a second cancer after a past diagnosis of breast or ovarian cancer. Early detection and prompt treatment are key to improving outcomes.
Cancer Resources
Explore more evidence-based cancer information and resources on our dedicated hub.
Frequently Asked Questions
Ovarian cancer increases the risk of the following cancers[8]:
- Bladder cancer
- Bile duct cancer
- Colorectal cancer
- Acute leukemia
- Melanoma of the eye
Breast cancer can spread to the ovaries, although this is relatively uncommon[3]. In such cases, it's more likely in advanced breast cancers, breast cancers that are hormone receptor-positive, and people with BRCA mutations.
Those with high ovarian cancer risk could include:
- BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation carriers
- People with a family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer
- Individuals with Lynch syndrome
- Those with endometriosis
- Women who never got pregnant
- Women who had a late first pregnancy
- Women over 40 years old
In Brief
A history of breast cancer escalates the risk of ovarian cancer, and vice versa, mainly if these cancers are linked to genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.
In the absence of such genetic mutations, the reciprocal risk drops yet remains higher than the general population in certain subgroups. Staying informed, adopting healthy lifestyles, and working closely with your healthcare team can help manage the risks.
- Genetic testing is crucial for individuals with a family history of both breast cancer and ovarian cancer, as it can help identify possible BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations that may increase the risk of developing these diseases.
- Those who have undergone breast cancer treatment might need to be more vigilant about the possibility of developing ovarian cancer, given the increased risk associated with these genetic mutations.
- It's essential to have regular medical check-ups and screenings, such as mammograms, pelvic examinations, and CA-125 blood tests, if one has a personal or family history of breast or ovarian cancer to catch any signs of recurrence or a new cancer early.
- Lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a moderate weight, regular exercise, and limiting alcohol intake, can help decrease the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
- An individual's outlook for breast and ovarian cancer depends on various factors, including the type of cancer, the stage at diagnosis, and personal health conditions. Consulting a healthcare team for personalized insights is essential.
