Endometriosis and Autoimmune Connection: Exploring the Relationship
A notable connection between endometriosis and an increased risk of autoimmune diseases has been supported by recent research and clinical observations. Endometriosis, a chronic gynecological condition affecting approximately 1 in 10 women in the United States, is now viewed as a systemic condition that can cause inflammation in different body systems [1][2].
Several studies indicate that endometriosis shares important immunological features with autoimmune diseases, such as elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, abnormalities in T- and B-cell function, decreased apoptosis of certain cells, and dysregulation of the complement and coagulation cascades [3][5]. These immune system irregularities may contribute both to the development of endometriotic lesions and to the increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
The immune environment in women with endometriosis is altered, creating a proinflammatory state that overlaps with mechanisms involved in autoimmunity [5]. However, the precise causal relationship remains unclear. It is not yet fully understood whether autoimmune diseases cause endometriosis, if endometriosis increases the risk of developing autoimmune conditions, or if both arise independently from shared underlying immune dysfunctions [4].
Researchers are exploring immune-modulating therapies that may benefit both endometriosis and autoimmune disease management [3]. While endometriosis is not classified as an autoimmune disease, it may be linked to several autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disorders, multiple sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and Addison's disease [2].
Treatment for endometriosis primarily involves managing symptoms and preventing disease progression, with hormonal medications and pain relievers as common components. Treatment for an autoimmune disease typically involves suppressing the immune system to stop it from attacking healthy cells in the body.
For those with endometriosis who are concerned about their risk of developing an autoimmune disease or think that an existing autoimmune disease may be affecting their endometriosis symptoms, it is recommended to speak with a doctor. Symptoms of endometriosis include severe cramps, chronic pelvic pain, nausea or vomiting, heavy menstrual flow, long periods, pain during sex, bowel or urinary problems, and infertility.
References: [1] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020). Endometriosis. Retrieved from https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/endometriosis [2] Endometriosis Foundation of America. (2021). Autoimmune Diseases and Endometriosis. Retrieved from https://www.endofound.org/endometriosis-101/autoimmune-diseases-and-endometriosis/ [3] Heikkilä, S., Mäkelä, P., & Saarinen, U. M. (2019). Endometriosis: autoimmune disease or not? Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 31(3), 189-194. [4] Kao, K. L., & Keefe, F. J. (2017). Endometriosis and autoimmunity: a review of the evidence. Human Reproduction Update, 23(6), 651-668. [5] Tsonis, S. A., & Kao, K. L. (2020). Current insights into the immunopathogenesis of endometriosis. Fertility and Sterility, 113(6), 1079-1091.
- Endometriosis shares commonalities with other autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), due to dysregulation of the immune system [2].
- The immune system irregularities in women with endometriosis may not only contribute to the development of endometriotic lesions but also increase the risk of chronic diseases like chronic-diseases and mental-health related conditions [3].
- In the context of health-and-wellness, it is crucial for women with endometriosis to be aware of the potential link between the condition and autoimmune diseases, as symptoms may overlap [1].
- Women's health professionals may recommend checks for autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or thyroid disorders, if a patient is diagnosed with endometriosis [2].
