Guillain-Barre Syndrome Explained: Understanding Symptoms, Causes, and Essential Information
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a neurological disorder that affects the immune system and nerves. While the exact cause of GBS is still not fully understood, it is known that the disease process involves an abnormal immune response that attacks the peripheral nerve myelin, a protective layer around nerve fibres [3].
Common triggers for GBS include respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, such as those caused by the flu, Epstein-Barr virus, and Campylobacter jejuni. Less frequently, GBS can be triggered by vaccinations, surgery, or certain cancers [1][3][4][5].
The symptoms of GBS can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include muscle weakness, paralysis, and even life-threatening complications. Fortunately, 80% of people with GBS recover fully within six months or less [1].
GBS typically follows a rapidly progressing course over several days to weeks, and can be divided into three stages: an initial progressive phase of weakness and sensory symptoms, a plateau phase where symptoms stabilize, and a recovery phase which can last weeks to months [1][2]. Recovery durations vary, but full or near-full recovery often takes weeks to a few months, though some cases may take longer [1].
Treatment for GBS involves immunoglobulins, usually given by intravenous injection, to help suppress the immune system's attack on the nerves. Good intensive care unit (ICU) care is essential for proper recovery, as it can help manage complications and support vital functions [2]. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy are also important for regaining strength and performing daily tasks in severely involved patients [4].
In addition to immunoglobulin therapy, antibiotics may be used to treat any concomitant infections and to reduce inflammation. However, it's important to note that some parts of the body can remain paralyzed permanently in GBS [4].
Early diagnosis and treatment of GBS is critical for the best possible outcome. If you experience any symptoms of GBS, such as muscle weakness or paralysis, seek medical attention immediately.
[1] NINDS Guillain-Barré Syndrome Information Page. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Guillain-Barre-Syndrome-Information-Page
[2] Guillain-Barré Syndrome. (2020, February 28). Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/guillain-barre-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20375178
[3] Guillain-Barré Syndrome. (2021, December 14). Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/guillain-barre-syndrome/
[4] Guillain-Barré Syndrome. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.healthline.com/health/guillain-barre-syndrome
[5] Guillain-Barré Syndrome. (2021, January 28). Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/guillain-barre-syndrome.htm
- Patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) are treated at specialized neurology hospitals, where therapies and treatments like immunoglobulin therapy, antibiotics, and physiotherapy are administered to aid recovery and manage symptoms.
- The science behind GBS suggests an abnormal immune response that targets the peripheral nerve myelin, leading to neurological disorders and a range of medical conditions affecting health and wellness.
- Regaining strength and performing daily tasks is facilitated through health-and-wellness programs, inclusive of physiotherapy and occupational therapy, in neurological-disorders clinics, specifically for patients recovering from GBS.
