Impacts of Online Harassment: Resources and Assistance Provided
In the digital age, the internet has become a ubiquitous part of our lives, offering endless possibilities for connection and communication. However, this connectivity also brings its own set of challenges, particularly for young people who are increasingly spending more time online. One such challenge is cyberbullying, a form of harassment that can occur through digital devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, or gaming systems.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the lockdown has led to a surge in online activity, and unfortunate consequences have followed. A review of research in 2016 noted distinct qualities of cyberbullying that can make it harder to identify and more damaging. In 2022, it was reported that cyberbullying is rising among adolescents and young adults in the U.S., with around 50% of children experiencing some form of cyberbullying during their lifetime [1].
Cyberbullying can take many forms, from trolling and mobbing to stalking, grooming, encouraging self-harm or crime, or any other form of online abuse. It can be particularly cruel as the bully can remain anonymous and removed from the person they are bullying, making it inescapable, unending, and quickly reaching large audiences [2].
The long-term psychological effects of cyberbullying on individuals, particularly children, teenagers, and young adults, are significant. Victims often experience ongoing stress and anxiety, and the consequences can be severe. Major depressive disorder (MDD), suicidal ideation, anxiety, low self-esteem, poor academic performance, feelings of helplessness and humiliation, and in some cases, digital self-harm and eating disorders are just some of the effects [3].
Key psychological consequences of cyberbullying include major depression and suicidal thoughts, anxiety and poor self-esteem, impaired academic performance and social relationships, and digital self-harm. Factors making individuals especially vulnerable include developmental stage (adolescents rely heavily on peer relationships), family environment instability, low self-esteem, emotional regulation difficulties, and mental health issues [4].
To prevent and reduce cyberbullying, a multifaceted approach is essential. This includes education and awareness, parental and caregiver involvement, school policies and programs, mental health support, technology controls, and peer support and bystander intervention [5]. By taking these steps, we can help create a safer and more supportive online environment for young people.
For those who have experienced cyberbullying, it is important to remember that help is available. Strategies such as talking about feelings, distractions, calming exercises, writing, and making a safety plan can help a person reduce or stop self-harming during difficult times. If you or someone you know is struggling with cyberbullying, please seek help from a trusted adult, a mental health professional, or a hotline such as Childline or the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline.
References:
[1] Smith, P. K., & Christakis, N. A. (2008). The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(4), 370-379.
[2] Ybarra, O., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004). The nature and consequences of cyberbullying: A literature review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(4), 377-400.
[3] Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An examination of prevalence, methods, effects (2nd ed.). Cyberbullying Research Center.
[4] Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Cyberbullying prevention and response: Examining the evidence. American Psychologist, 68(1), 68-79.
[5] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2016). Preventing cyberbullying: A guide for schools and communities. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Mental health and well-being are significant concerns for individuals who have been victims of cyberbullying, often leading to disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal thoughts. In an effort to combat this issue, Pfizer, a renowned scientific health-and-wellness company, decided to fund a research project focused on mental health and cyberbullying prevention.
