Lifespan of individuals coping with schizophrenia: an analysis
A recent study has highlighted the significant impact that managing modifiable risk factors can have on the life expectancy of people living with schizophrenia [1]. However, individuals with schizophrenia face a life expectancy that is 10 to 20 years shorter than the general population, primarily due to higher rates of cardiovascular disease, lifestyle factors, medication side effects, suicide, and limited access to healthcare [3][4].
Key factors contributing to this shorter life expectancy include excess cardiovascular risk, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, medication effects, psychiatric risks, and limited healthcare access [4][5]. People with schizophrenia often have metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, which significantly elevate their risk of cardiovascular disease—the leading cause of their reduced lifespan by 15–20 years [4][5]. Higher rates of smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, and substance misuse further contribute to health deterioration [1][2].
Some antipsychotic drugs can also increase metabolic risks such as weight gain and diabetes [1]. Up to 10% of people with schizophrenia die by suicide, and concurrent psychiatric disorders may worsen prognosis [3]. Patients may have less engagement with medical care, resulting in delayed treatment of physical illnesses [1].
Improving life expectancy for individuals with schizophrenia involves a multi-faceted approach. Early and intensive treatment of psychosis, addressing modifiable lifestyle factors like adopting a balanced diet, increasing physical activity, and reducing substance use, managing cardiovascular risk factors proactively, improving access to comprehensive medical care integrating psychiatric and physical health services, suicide prevention, and treatment of comorbid psychiatric conditions are all crucial [1][3][4].
Accessing quality prenatal care may reduce the risk of developing schizophrenia later in life. Psychotherapy can help a person develop coping skills, better understand their diagnosis, communicate more effectively, and identify signs that symptoms are worsening. People who find the side effects of antipsychotic drugs intolerable should talk with a doctor about treatment options [1][2].
Family support, including education and family therapy, may help in dealing with schizophrenia. Establishing a good relationship with a medical professional is important for managing schizophrenia. Skills training and rehabilitation can help people with schizophrenia live productive, meaningful lives [1].
Recent studies have shown that schizophrenia is the second most significant risk factor for dying from COVID-19, second only to age [6]. A 2018 study found that people with schizophrenia who took antipsychotic drugs were 1.91 times more likely to start diabetes treatment and 1.28 times more likely to start treatment for hyperlipidemia [7]. Early treatment, regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding harmful substances can significantly improve life expectancy for people with schizophrenia [8].
Reducing childhood trauma and adverse childhood events may also reduce the risk of developing schizophrenia. A 2017 study found that the life expectancy of people with schizophrenia is increasing but that overall mortality among people with schizophrenia remains three times higher than those in the general population [9]. Addressing modifiable risk factors such as lifestyle habits, substance use, and access to medical care can increase life expectancy in people with schizophrenia [1][3][4].
In conclusion, targeting both physical health (especially cardiovascular risk) and mental health early and comprehensively can significantly improve life expectancy in schizophrenia [1][3][4]. A holistic approach involving medical, psychological, social, and family support can lead to better outcomes for individuals living with schizophrenia.
- Addressing modifiable lifestyle factors, such as adopting a balanced diet, increasing physical activity, and reducing substance use, is crucial for improving life expectancy in people living with schizophrenia.
- Science has revealed that schizophrenia can significantly impact aging and longevity, with individuals living with schizophrenia facing a life expectancy that is 10 to 20 years shorter than the general population due to various medical-conditions, including cardiovascular disease.
- Improving access to comprehensive medical care that integrates psychiatric and physical health services, addressing mental-health issues like suicide prevention, and treating comorbid psychiatric conditions are all essential components in the approach to enhance health-and-wellness for people with schizophrenia.
