Norovirus is the predominant reason behind many instances of infection.
Norovirus, a common cause of stomach flu, can persist in the body even after symptoms subside, posing a risk of further transmission to others[1][3]. To minimize this risk, it's essential to follow specific precautions during the recovery period.
In the wake of Norovirus infection, rehydration is crucial. Water and teas are recommended for hydration, but it's essential to drink small amounts at a time to avoid overwhelming the stomach[2]. Clear soups can also help bring important salts back into the body. However, it's advisable to avoid naturally cloudy apple juice due to its laxative effect[1].
Cola can be consumed, but it's not recommended as the sole source of hydration due to its high sugar content. Electrolyte solutions from the pharmacy or a WHO solution (four teaspoons of sugar, three-quarters of a teaspoon of salt, 250 milliliters of orange juice, one liter of mineral water) can help replenish lost minerals[4].
As for food, it's important to gradually reintroduce it after the infection, starting with light, easily digestible foods like oatmeal, zwieback, or toast[5]. Salt sticks can be eaten, but they don't contain much salt for hydration purposes.
To prevent further transmission, hand hygiene is paramount. Wash hands frequently with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds, as hand sanitizers are not effective against Norovirus[1]. Isolation is also key; avoid close contact with others and do not share personal items like utensils, plates, or cups.
Surface disinfection is crucial, too. Use a bleach-based cleaner or an EPA-approved disinfectant to clean surfaces that are commonly touched, such as doorknobs and light switches, as Norovirus can remain viable on surfaces for up to two weeks[1].
In shared living situations, it's crucial to practice good hygiene to prevent others from getting infected. This includes cleaning the toilet with a mouthguard and washing hands thoroughly[6].
It's important to note that a small number of Norovirus particles (10 to 100) can cause infection[1]. The incubation period for Norovirus is relatively short, ranging from 6 hours to 50 hours[7]. Excretion of norovirus particles can continue for up to two weeks, especially in immunocompromised individuals[1].
Critical fluid loss is a risk for young children and the elderly, who may require hospitalization for intravenous fluid replacement[8]. Signs of critical fluid loss include a dry, rough, and deeply furrowed tongue, severe headaches, and drowsiness[1].
After 48 hours without fever, diarrhea, or vomiting, a person can assume they are no longer contagious, but thorough hygiene around the toilet should still be practiced[2]. After 48 hours, symptoms usually subside[3].
By following these precautions, individuals can significantly reduce the risk of transmitting Norovirus to others during the post-symptomatic shedding phase.
[1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Norovirus: Causes.
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