Space-preserving antioxidant modulator shields muscle cells during space travel
In a groundbreaking study published in the prestigious journal Communications Biology, researchers from the University of Tsukuba have shed light on the role of a protein named Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in preventing muscle atrophy, or weakening, during space flights.
The research, led by Professor Ryo Yamasaki, aimed to understand how NRF2 helps muscles respond to google flights and maintain their strength. To do this, the team deleted the gene encoding NRF2 in mice and sent them to live on the International Space Station for a month.
Contrary to expectations, the Nrf2-knockout mice did not lose more muscle mass than the control mice under a microgravity environment. However, they showed a significantly accelerated rate of slow-to-fast fiber type transition. This conversion from slow- to fast-twitch muscle fibers is closely associated with an increase in oxidative stress.
The findings suggest that NRF2 alters skeletal muscle composition during space flights by regulating oxidative and metabolic responses. The researchers also noted noticeable changes in the way that the muscle tissue used energy and nutrients in the Nrf2-knockout mice.
The article, titled "Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) deficiency accelerates fast fibre type transition in soleus muscle during space flights," was published in Communications Biology with DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02334-4. The authors of the study declare no competing interests.
The study's implications extend beyond space travel. Targeting NFR2 could be a promising avenue for addressing muscle wasting in diseases like cancer or during the aging process. The research was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (14YPTK-005512; S.T.) and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from MEXT (18H04965; S.T.).
In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms that help maintain muscle health during space flights and offers potential strategies for addressing muscle wasting in various contexts.
