Understanding Menopause: Symptoms, Risks, and Management
Menopause, a natural phase in a woman's life, occurs when menstrual periods stop due to a decline in hormones like estrogen and progesterone. This typically happens around 51 years old in the US, but can vary. It's marked by various symptoms and increased health risks.
Menopause begins 12 months after the last menstrual period. Before this, women experience perimenopause, a transition phase with irregular periods and changing hormone levels. Symptoms can include hot flashes, mood swings, sleep disturbances, and physical changes like hair loss and vaginal dryness. These can also impact mental health, causing anxiety or depression.
The decline in hormones increases long-term risks such as heart disease, osteoporosis, urinary issues, and vaginal infections. Lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms: regular exercise, a balanced diet, stress management techniques like yoga or counseling, and limiting alcohol or quitting smoking. Alternative remedies like black cohosh or soy isoflavones may not be safe or effective and require more research. Healthcare professionals can confirm menopause through blood tests measuring FSH and estradiol levels. Treatment options include oral medications, topical hormone therapy, and vaginal moisturizers or lubricants.
Menopause is a natural process that can bring various challenges but also offers opportunities for improved health through lifestyle changes. Understanding and managing symptoms, along with regular healthcare, can help women navigate this phase successfully.
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